POP ART · WORK

I was a Rich Man's Plaything

Eduardo Paolozzi · 1947

A letter-paper-sized scrapbook of American ads and pulp covers, glued together in austerity Britain, with a printed "POP!" in it a decade before anyone called the movement that.

The canvas
Tap to zoom
Eduardo Paolozzi, I was a Rich Man's Plaything, 1947. Collage (printed papers on card). 14 1/8 in × 9 3/8 in.
Tate, London. Presented by the artist, 1971 (acc. T01462)
Look closer
Find these on the canvas above
  1. The pulp-romance pin-up
    The largest clipping, filling most of the sheet: a woman in red
    The biggest fragment is the cover of a pulp confessions magazine, Intimate Confessions, a woman in red ringed by its own sensational cover lines ("Daughter of Sin," "Woman of the Streets"). The title of the whole collage is lifted word for word off this cover, so even the name of the picture is a found object, not a phrase Paolozzi wrote.
  2. The "POP!" pistol burst
    Over the pin-up: a man’s hand and pistol, firing a white cartoon burst
    A hand holding a pistol fires the word "POP!" in a white comic-strip burst. The "POP!" was not lettered by Paolozzi; it was cut intact from the packaging of a toy pop-gun, where it meant nothing more than the bang the toy makes. That printed 1947 "POP" is the famous detail, the word sitting inside a picture roughly a decade before "Pop art" was a phrase, and it is a coincidence: the movement was not named after this burst.
  3. The Coca-Cola logo
    In a lower corner, a fragment of a soda advertisement
    A piece of a Coca-Cola advertisement is dropped in whole, the single most recognizable badge of American consumer culture, glued down without comment. To a Briton on ration books in 1947, a Coke logo read as a small bright emblem of a country with everything to spare.
  4. The WWII bomber
    Lower left, an aircraft carrying a wartime slogan
    A wartime aircraft (usually identified as a Lockheed Hudson or Ventura type) flies across the lower left under the slogan "Keep ’em flying!" The war that had only just ended is still bleeding into the consumer imagery, the same printed stream selling both the bomber and the soda.
  5. The cherry pie
    A cherry and a slice of pie, set among the rest
    A glossy cherry and a slice of cherry pie, the food-ad shorthand for American domestic plenty, sit jarringly close to the gun and the pin-up. Abundance, glamour and violence are all cut from the same magazines and pressed flat onto the same card.
  6. The magazine-cutting texture
    Across the whole sheet, the visible edges where scraps meet
    Separate printed scraps, each with its own paper edge, typeface and color registration, are butted and overlapped on card. The seams are left showing on purpose. The picture is openly an assembly of mass-produced print, not a smooth illustration pretending to be one image.
The story · 5 chapters
~18 min total
1
Austerity Britain · 1947
A window onto a country he had never seen
Two years after the war, Britain is still on ration books, and a young Scottish-Italian sculptor is collecting the bright American magazines that GIs leave behind, the cheap printed proof of a richer world across the Atlantic.
2
Paris · 1947–49
Cutting up the American dream
In a Paris attic Paolozzi scissors apart ads, pulp covers and toy packaging and glues the scraps onto a single sheet of card, lifting the whole title straight off a magazine cover.
3
The collage
What is actually stuck to the card
The pin-up in red, the pistol firing "POP!", the Coca-Cola fragment, the bomber, the slice of cherry pie, all of it readymade commercial print, butted and overlapped with the seams left showing.
4
The "Bunk" presentation
Thrown on a wall at the ICA
Made in 1947, shown to no one for five years, then projected by epidiascope when the Independent Group, the London circle that would think Pop Art into being, first convened.
5
After
The "POP!" that came a decade early
Often cited as the first appearance of the word inside a work of this kind, gathered into the BUNK! series, given by the artist to the Tate in 1971, and read backward as the moment the supermarket first walked into the gallery.
1947
Made
14⅛″ × 9⅜″
Dimensions
Tate
Now at
Provenance
Every hand it passed through
1947
Eduardo Paolozzi (the artist)
Paris
Made during his Paris years (1947–49) out of American magazines, much of the raw material given to him by American servicemen. Kept by the artist; not exhibited at the time.
1947–1952
Eduardo Paolozzi
Paris / London
One of a growing group of collages from cheap print. First shown publicly only in 1952, projected by epidiascope in the "Bunk" presentation at the ICA, London, when the newly formed Independent Group first convened.
1952–1971
Eduardo Paolozzi
London
Held by the artist; later gathered with the others as the group Tate catalogues as Ten Collages from BUNK (dated 1947–52).
1971–today
presented by the artist
TateMuseum
London
Presented to the Tate Gallery by the artist around his 1971 retrospective (given, not purchased). Accession T01462. Held in the Prints and Drawings collection, view by appointment.